Solvent Effects on Flow-Chemistry Scale-Up Across 119 Reactions

Abstract

flow-chemistry scale-up is a central problem in organic chemistry, yet standard techniques scale poorly under distribution shift. We introduce a finite-element framework and benchmark it against established baselines across 4382 trials. Our measurements agree with theoretical predictions to within 26%, resolving an open discrepancy in the literature. The results carry direct implications for both classroom instruction and early-stage research training.